defense in Depth for
Defense in Depth for Protecting National Infrastructure
I. Annotation of the article by Alcaraz and Zeadally (2015)
II. Annotation of the article by Amoroso (2012)
III. Annotation of the article by Ani, He, & Tiwari (2017)
IV. Annotation of the article by Galinec, Monik, & Guberina (2017)
V. Annotation of the article by Gztepe, Klc,& Kayaalp (2014)
VI. Annotation of the article by Maglaras et al. (2018).
VII. Annotation of the article by . (2016)
Defense in Depth for Protecting National Infrastructure
Alcaraz, C., & Zeadally, S. (2015). Critical infrastructure protection: Requirements and challenges for the 21st century. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 8, 53-66
Critical national infrastructures are not only important to the proper functioning of any society through their level of performance and reliability but present immense cybersecurity challenges for the government of several nations, especially those that are an integral part of the cyberspace. It is this imperative that informed the investigation by Alcaraz and Zeadally (2015), and the findings on the vulnerabilities and risks inherent in critical infrastructures were published in this article. Also, these scholars asserted that the measures for reducing or eliminating the adverse impacts of these threats could also be used to address some of the challenges that occur in specific areas of the national infrastructure. As an article that analyzed some of the security issues that are associated with the use of new technologies for the management of critical infrastructure, its inclusion in the list of reference materials would provide the background information on the areas in the infrastructures that need the deployment of defense in depth.
Amoroso, E. (2012). Cyber-attacks: protecting national infrastructure. Elsevier.
In this chapter of the book by Amoroso (2012), the purpose of using defense in depth to provide additional layers of protection for the information security assets through the enforcement of the security policy in all access points was highlighted. Also, the expertise of the author on the elements of defense in depth was demonstrated by discussions on the schema for the security model, factors that influence its effectiveness, layered authentication, and e-mail virus and spam protection among other essential concepts. However, an additional rationale for the inclusion of this chapter in the list of sources that would be used to support the ideas and concepts that would be discussed in the proposed paper is the detailed explanation on layered access controls and layered encryption. Therefore, the information from this book would strengthen the quality of the discussions on the elements of defense in depth that are necessary for preventing cyber-attacks on national infrastructure that would be prevented in the proposed research paper.
Ani, U. P. D., He, H., & Tiwari, A. (2017). Review of cybersecurity issues in industrial critical infrastructure: Manufacturing in perspective. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 1(1), 32-74.
The industrial sector of the economy of any nation consist of manufacturing systems that rely on the complex processes that are used by national infrastructures but subject to the same level of threats and vulnerabilities. In this article, Ani, He, and Tiwari (2017) provide some of the effective cybersecurity measures that can be used for increasing the resilience of industrial control systems against these threats. Also, the recommendations by the scholars on the approaches for securing industrial control systems from cyber-attacks can be adapted to the models that are used for implementing defense in depth on the national infrastructure of any nation. Therefore, these aspects of the information that are contained in the article are responsible for its inclusion as one of the reference sources. Finally, the content and positions that are assumed in the proposed research project, especially those that are related to the resolution of the dynamics of the issues that could limit the potential of national infrastructures to support activities in the society.
Galinec, D., Monik, D., & Guberina, B. (2017). Cybersecurity and cyber defence: National level strategic approach. Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, 58(3), 273-286.
In this article, the authors used the case study approach to illustrate the differences and similarities between cybersecurity and information security and how understanding is important to the development of national strategic frameworks for securing infrastructures. Also, the use of Croatia’s National Cybersecurity Strategy provides the empirical evidence of the issues and challenges that could arise from the implementation of defense in depth countermeasures against the threats to national infrastructures. However, the detailed examination of the tools and concepts that are related to the large-scale deployment of defense in depth protocols is one of the justifications for the selection of this article among the ones that are required for the proposed research paper. Finally, the need to from the experiences of national cybersecurity experts in the paper as the practical evidence for the recommended solutions also informed the decision to include the article among other scholarly sources.
Gztepe, K., Klc, R., & Kayaalp, A. (2014). Cyber Defense In Depth: Designing Cyber Security Agency Organization For Turkey. Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, 10(1), 1-24.
Gztepe and his colleagues examined the processes for designing an effective and efficient cybersecurity agency that would utilize defense in depth approaches for securing its national infrastructures. The case study on Turkey’s approach for accomplishing this goal was one of the major strengths of the contents of this paper, especially when consideration is given to the recommendations that were provided by the scholars. In this regard, the researchers suggested the use of an eight layered defense in depth architecture, which is the most relevant to the homeland security needs of the European nation that include effective real-time information exchange between government agencies and organizations. Aside from the significance of the findings of this case study on the design and deployment of defense in depth systems, the description of the various organizational and environmental factors that would ensure success is highly useful for maintaining the quality of the proposed research paper on the methods for mitigating and eliminating the cybersecurity threats against national infrastructures.
Maglaras, L. A., Kim, K. H., Janicke, H., Ferrag, M. A., Rallis, S., Fragkou, P., … & Cruz, T. J. (2018). Cyber security of critical infrastructures. ICT Express, 4(1), 42-45.
are consist of complex and distributed units that increase their susceptibility to cyber-attacks and threats including insider ones, mainly when the imperatives for their protection are driven by efficiency, timely intrusion detection, and low cost. It is the premise that informed the research activities that were conducted by Maglaras and colleagues on the use of modern supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems in national infrastructures such as power grids. Also, the findings and recommendations that were presented in this article are based on the nature of the threat to SCADA that is provided by the Internet of Things (IoT), which is characterized by STUXNET worm attacks. Therefore, the need to provide a detailed explanation of all the dimensions of the cybersecurity threats to national infrastructures that defense in depth can prevent informed the decision to include this article as one of its seven reference materials. Finally, the recommendations of the scholars on the directions for future research on the topic are equally valuable to the project.
Mell, P., Shook, J., & Harang, R. (2016, December). Measuring and Improving the Effectiveness of . In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Industrial Control System Security Workshop (pp. 15-22). ACM
In this article, the researchers posited that defense in depth is an effective countermeasure against emerging threats on national infrastructure because of its potential to provide several layers of protection against different forms of attacks. The scholars also claimed that the posture of the architecture of the defense in depth system is an integral factor to the attainment of this security goal. They further asserted that their measurement of the depth and width of an attack type showed that the system vulnerabilities and weaknesses revealed that the defense postures should be based on various considerations. One of the rationales for including the content of this article in the list of references is the description of the greedy heuristics that can be used to secure different industrial control systems. Finally, the need to provide empirical evidence of the security models that would help in the efficient deployment of defense in depth also informed the decision to include this article in the list of references.
References
Alcaraz, C., & Zeadally, S. (2015). Critical infrastructure protection: Requirements and challenges for the 21st century. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 8, 53-66. Retrieved from https://www.nics.uma.es/sites/default/files/papers/alcaraz%3A2015%3ACRI.pdf
Amoroso, E. (2012). Cyber-attacks: protecting national infrastructure. Elsevier.
Ani, U. P. D., He, H., & Tiwari, A. (2017). Review of cybersecurity issues in industrial critical infrastructure: manufacturing in perspective. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 1(1), 32-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2016.1252211
Galinec, D., Monik, D., & Guberina, B. (2018). Cybersecurity and cyber defence: national level strategic approach. Automatika: asopis za automatiku, mjerenje, elektroniku, raunarstvo i komunikacije, 58(3), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2017.1407022
Gztepe, K., Klc, R., & Kayaalp, A. (2014). Cyber Defense In Depth: Designing Cyber Security Agency Organization For Turkey. Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, 10(1), 1-24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274733863_Cyber_Defense_In_Depth_Designing_Cyber_Security_Agency_Organization_For_Turkey
Maglaras, L. A., Kim, K. H., Janicke, H., Ferrag, M. A., Rallis, S., Fragkou, P., … & Cruz, T. J. (2018). Cyber security of critical infrastructures. ICT Express, 4(1), 42-45. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959517303880
Mell, P., Shook, J., & Harang, R. (2016, December). Measuring and Improving the Effectiveness of Defense-in-Depth Postures. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Industrial Control System Security Workshop (pp. 15-22). ACM. doi>10.1145/3018981.3018986
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