The Evolution of the Intelligence Community (IC)
Current makeup of the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC)
Following World War II, the Central Intelligence Agency was founded, which aided in the formation of the concept of a United States Intelligence Community (Shultz, 2018). The Intelligence Organization Act of 1992 established the foundations of the IC. Today, IC comprises two independent institutions and six separate federal ministries, has 18 components and operates as a federated community.
How IC has evolved post 9/11
As a result of 9/11, several policy decisions were made, such as the establishment of Homeland Security and its intelligence section, the arrest of “high-value” al-Qaeda officials, and the establishment of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC).
Other changes occurred besides the inevitable rearrangement of government agencies and technological and religious breakthroughs. The Joint Information Operations Center was created by the Defense Information Agency and military commands to provide military commanders with timely intelligence (JIOC).
A significant change was made in how the US Intelligence Community worked to prevent Saddam Hussein from getting and perhaps using WMDs. Estimates of Iraq’s WMD programs served as the cornerstone of the Bush administration’s public relations campaign in support of invading Iraq and destabilizing Saddam Hussein’s regime (Shultz, 2018).
The risk management and intelligence collection methods of the agencies
1. Air Force Intelligence
The US Air Force ISR Enterprise is the country’s primary depository for data collected from airborne, space, and cyber sensors (USAF ISR). The USAF ISR Enterprise provides commanders with the capacity to have kinetic and non-kinetic effects on targets worldwide to promote national, strategic, and operational objectives (Richelson, 2018).
2. Army Intelligence
The US Army Intelligence (G-2) organization oversees the Department of the Army’s intelligence activities, including policy creation, planning, programming, budgeting, administration, supervision, evaluation, and oversight.
3. Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the primary source of information for senior US officials on national security issues. Following the president’s nomination, the Senate confirms the CIA director. He or she is in charge of National Human Source Intelligence and the CIA’s actions, personnel, and budget.
4. Coast Guard Intelligence
In addition to safeguarding the people from maritime perils, the Coast Guard is responsible for defending the nation’s maritime security against possible maritime threats. The Coast Guard has a unique role in the intelligence community due to its broad range of activities and marine legal jurisdiction (Richelson, 2018). Coast Guard Intelligence strives to give a decisive advantage to promote American interests by delivering timely, relevant, and actionable intelligence to satisfy national and homeland security goals.
5. Defense Intelligence Agency
The DIA plays a critical role in the creation and administration of foreign military information to assist US military planning and operations as well as the procurement of weapon systems. It also offers military information to DOD and intelligence community warfighters. The DIA employs around 16,500 military and civilian personnel globally. The director, also a board member, is in charge of the Military Intelligence Board’s activities (MIB).
6. Department of Energy
The Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence supervises intelligence and counterintelligence activities inside the US Department of Energy complex, which comprises more than 30 intelligence and counterintelligence agencies (OIC). Its responsibility is to protect, promote, and represent the wealth of scientific talent housed at DOE labs and institutions (Richelson, 2018).
7. Department of Homeland Security
The Office of the Director of National Intelligence is primarily responsible for intelligence and analysis. The four key areas of concentration are the administration of homeland security intelligence, the acquisition of relevant information, the dissemination of potentially useful information, and the identification of dangers via intelligence analysis.
8. Department of State
The Secretary of State is provided with a timely, impartial analysis of global events based on information, research, and current intelligence from all sources. It serves as the State Department’s primary contact for any queries about the intelligence community’s activities. The Secretary of State must seek counsel on all intelligence-related problems from the Assistant Secretary of INR. Analysts at the Institute for National Research (INR) examine a broad variety of additional sources in addition to all-source intelligence. Because of their regional and functional specialization, they can swiftly adjust to altering policy goals.
9. Department of the Treasury
When the Intelligence Authorization Act of 2004 was approved, the Office of Intelligence and Analysis (OIA) became a government body. OIA is used to collect, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence and counterintelligence documents pertinent to Treasury Department operations and activities. TFI is in charge of carrying out the Department’s obligations to the intelligence community and law enforcement.
10. Drug Enforcement Administration
One is responsible for ensuring that all members of our intelligence community and homeland security agencies have access to pertinent information (Richelson, 2018). They aim to boost national security, combat international terrorism, and improve the United States’ efforts to reduce the drug supply. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) maintains 21 field divisions in the United States and oversees more than 80 offices worldwide, including facilities in more than 60 countries.
11. Federal Bureau of Investigation
The FBI’s main priorities are national security challenges and criminal groups having the capability and motivation to harm the United States. The FBI’s Intelligence Branch is in charge of gathering information. The Bureau regularly engages with its intelligence and law enforcement partners to fully integrate operations and intelligence. This section is in charge of the FBI’s intelligence-gathering activities and ensuring that the agency deploys tactical and strategic techniques in tandem.
12. Marine Corps Intelligence
The United States Marine Corps supports military operations by providing tactical and operational intelligence. The Marine Corps Intelligence Community (MCIC) is in charge of policy development, plan execution, program development, budget approval, and staff management. The intelligence chief of the Marine Corps is in charge of intelligence, counterintelligence, and cryptologic matters. He reports directly to the commander.
13. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
The produces accurate, timely, and relevant information to assist national security objectives. The National Geospatial-Information Agency (NGA) assists military and civilian entities by making geospatial data easily accessible. The NGA also supports humanitarian operations such as peacekeeping and flood and fire monitoring. The National Guard Agency is a combat support institution inside the Department of Defense (NGA). NGA has large operations in St. Louis, Missouri, Washington, DC, and its headquarters in Springfield, Virginia. Furthermore, the organization provides a worldwide support system.
14. National Reconnaissance Office
NRO devices benefit customers like the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency by assisting with military operation planning, environmental monitoring, and the discovery of potential danger zones. Since its inception in 1947, the NRO has been a member of the intelligence community, with intelligence supremacy as its primary mission. Because the NRO is a DOD institution, it is staffed by CIA and military professionals.
15. National Security Agency
The government’s cryptologic branch is in charge of protecting American information networks and obtaining foreign signal intelligence. The National Security Agency employs mathematicians and analyzes and studies foreign languages, which are critical to the agency’s work. The National Security Agency (NSA) was founded in 1952 as a part of the American Intelligence Community (USIC).
16. Navy Intelligence
The United States military and government decision-makers depend on the Director of Naval Intelligence’s information team for maritime intelligence. They get this information along with other US National Intelligence Community members. As part of Naval Intelligence, active-duty, reserve, and civilian personnel of the Navy’s Intelligence Community perform operations on land and at sea worldwide.
17. Space Force Intelligence
The United States Space Force is a brand-new military service branch (USSF). On December 20, 2019, it was formed. As a result of the Air Force’s integration into the Department of Defense, the Air Force Secretary reports to the Defense Secretary. The US Space Force’s highest-ranking military commander is the Chief of Space Operations (CSO), a four-star general (USSFC).
IC components to notify about the letter
The Central Information Agency (CIA), sometimes known informally as the Agency or the Company, is the federal government’s civilian division in charge of acquiring foreign intelligence.
The State Department advises and guides the nation on foreign policy issues. The State Department is responsible for representing the United States at the United Nations and negotiating treaties and agreements with other countries (Varga et al, 2021).
The National Security Agency provides standards, resources, and services to protect classified and unclassified national security systems from technical intelligence risks such as interceptions, unauthorized access, and other threats.
References
Richelson, J. T. (2018). The US intelligence community. Routledge.
Shultz, R. (2018). Post-9/11 wartime intelligence analysis. Intelligence and National Security, 33(7), 974-998.
Varga, S., Brynielsson, J., & Franke, U. (2021). Cyber-threat perception and risk management in the Swedish financial sector. Computers & security, 105, 102239.
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